Treatment of choice in patients with facial asymmetry associated with unilateral condylar growth

Condylar hyperplasia (CH) is defined as a non-neoplastic excessive growth of the mandibular condyle, most frequently observed between 11 and 30 years of age. Mandibular osteochondroma (OC), on the other hand, is a benign neoplasm described as an osteocartilaginous exostosis, commonly reported in patients between 20 and 40 years, although it may occur at any age. The clinical features and patient motivations in both conditions are similar; therefore, the aim of this review was to evaluate, in the literature from the past 10 years, the treatment of choice in patients with facial asymmetry associated with condylar hyperplasia and mandibular osteochondroma. A literature review was performed, yielding a total of 32 articles after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Collectively, these studies reported 1,388 patients, including 859 women (61.9 %) and 529 men (38.1 %), with ages ranging from 7 to 83 years. The treatments performed included partial or total condylectomies, either conventional or endoscopically assisted, in addition to orthognathic surgery, which comprised the majority of management strategies. The longest follow-up period reported was 20 years, and only 5 authors documented recurrences, demonstrating long-term stability. We conclude that condylectomy, in its different variations with or without orthognathic surgery as indicated, represents a safe alternative for the treatment of facial asymmetry associated with CH and OC. KEY WORDS: Condylar hyperplasia, osteochondroma, condylectomy.