Treatments Associated with the Management of Condylar Resorption After Orthognathic Surgery: A Systematic Review

Condylar Reabsorption after orthognathic surgery is a rare but well-known clinical entity that affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The development of a protocol is recommended because there are few standardized treatments for the approach of this clinical consequence. The objective of this systemic review is to des- cribe the treatments associated with the management of condylar reabsorption after orthognathic surgery. A search was made in the Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Crochane databases from1990 to 2022 using the following keywords: orthognathic surgery adding condylar resorption, progressive condylar resorption, idiopathic condylar resorption, condylar atrophy or condylysis. All articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria preventatively established. The systematic review began with 15,182 articles, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria this number was reduced to 21 articles. The total number of patients obtained was 3,285 with a predilection for the female gender in 47.5 % (n = 1,561) and 12.75 % (n = 419) for the male. The range of ages goes from 14 to 50 years, with a mean of 23.7 +/ - 6. The patients were diagnosed in 90.7 % (n = 2,979) with class II dentoskeletal deformity and 9.31 % (n = 306) with class III dentoskeletal deformity. 247 were diagnosed with condylar reabsorption after orthognathic surgery. Only three authors clearly des- cribe the treatments indicated in patients diagnosed with condylar resorption after orthognathic surgery; one being joint replacement and orthognathic surgery, another one referring to treating condylar reabsorption with orthognathic surgery retreatment and the last one used a costochondral graft. There are few standardized treatments for the management of condylar resorption in patients that underwent orthognathic surgery. The main problem of the research was represented by the existing diversity in the literature and in the way of reporting the treatments carried out.