The vertical growth of the mandible is related to the degree of inclination of the mandibular plane and the contour of the mandibular angle. These characteristics are related to the upper airway and vary depending on the skeletal class and the mandibular vertical pattern. The aim of this study is to describe and compare the inclination and angulation of the maxillomandibular plane in class III subjects and to establish the relationship with the area and volume of the airway. A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the area and volume of the airway and itsrelationship with the maxillomandibular plane in class III skeletal subjects who are candidates for orthognathic surgery, using cone beam computed tomography. A total of 86 CIII subjects with mandibular prognathism who were candidates for orthognathic surgery were analyzed. They ranged in age from 18 to 59 years (29 ± 10.1). 46 subjects were male (55.55%) and 40 were female (44.45%). 57 subjects presented an open angulation and 29 subjects presented a closed angulation. Subjects with an open angulation presented a hyperdivergent pattern. Whereas subjects with a closed angulation presented a greater minimum area (p<0.01), maximum area (p<0.07) and to- tal volume (p<0.03) than subjects with an open angulation. We can conclude that in skeletal CIII subjects with mandibular prognathism who present open angulation, it is necessary to evaluate the mandibular inclination together with the minimum area and total volume of the upper airway.

It has been seen that enhancing the characteristics of the surface of an implant with bioactive agents that seek to mimic the chemical and biological nature of native bone can influence osseointegration. This article seeks to describe biomimetic treatment strategies for dental implant surfaces that favor the bioactivity of implant materials. The search was performed in PUBMED and the Cochrane Library with the terms "biomimetic dental implants" or "biomimetic implants" obtaining 110 results. After analyzing each reference, it was determined that 11 articles coincide with the objective of this review, they provide data from ex- perimental studies, reviews, and clinical cases on different biomimetic strategies for surface treatment. Within the surface conditioning strategies with chemical substances, it is described that sandblasting and acid etching favor biocompatibility, cell differentiation and bone formation. Also, the use of coatings that allow the composition of the implant surface to approach the na- tural characteristics of bone tissue is favorably described. On the other hand, based on a biomimetic approach, implant surface coatings with different biomolecules such as growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, peptides and drugs are described, with the constant objective of promoting osseointegration. Although studies indicate that implant surface treatments favor the osseointegration process, it is necessary to investigate mostly the use of biomolecules that combine the implant surface with the host environment.

Rhinoplasty is the most practiced facial aesthetic procedure in the world and has generated enormous literature on the matter. The objective of this study is to describe the use of the simultaneous double strut technique for unsupported noses. Currently the anterior strut does not need a great length, nor does it need to be fixed to the SNA, just as it will not be in charge of providing projection to the nasal tip, it is enough to fix it to the medial cruras to provide greater support to the nasal tip. the technique Teo strut, is in charge of giving projection as well as the support to the nasal tip. The Teo Strut technique possible to provide support and stability to the nasal projection, rotation of the nasal tip, and adequate points of light and shadows in the different polygons, maintaining principles of preservation in some cases, thus reduci

Multiple adjunctive procedures are performed with orthognathic surgery to enhance aesthetic facial results, especially in those cases where skeletal movements alone do not satisfy the aesthetic demands of the patient. The objective of this study is demonstrate the benefits and outcomes of performing orthognathic surgery and cervicofacial rhytidectomy simultaneously to achieve extreme facial rejuvenation. Two clinical cases with a diagnosis of cervicofacial rhytidosis and dentoskeletal anomalies are shown, the first case with retrogeny and superior dermatocalasia and the second case with class III dentofacial anomaly and retrogeny, which were treated with the combination of orthognathic surgery and cervicofacial rhytidectomy in the same operative act. Facial aesthetic surgery has evolved by recognizing that changes in hard tissues affect soft tissues, however its isolated resolution does not meet the final aesthetic expectations of the patient in soft tissues. That is why there is a need to combine simultaneous procedures to meet the needs for which the patient comes and maintain the results over time. All patients who decide to undergo surgery for aesthetic reasons must also improve function. And due to the increase in operative time that carries out both surgeries simultaneously must be performed by a well-trained maxillofacial surgeon.

During the process of growth and development of children, multiple structural changes occur in the facial skeleton, wich are closely related to habits, functions, and individual genetics, among other factors. When an anterior crossbite develops it alters the function of the stomatognathic system, and possibly affects the facial growth pattern and normal jaw development. The objective of the present narrative review is to relate the facial growth pattern in children with anterior crossbite and how it influences in mandibular development.

Orbital floor fractures are common injuries in the maxillofacial region, typically caused by blunt trau- ma. Clinical manifestations involve facial asymmetry, enophthalmos, diplopia, and restricted ocular motility. These fractures can be treated by either conservative or surgical approaches. We present the case of a 59-year- old patient with a history of orbitozygomatic fracture, resulting from a car accident, treated using a custom- made polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implant at the Hos- pital Militar de Santiago. Using virtual planning software and 3D printing technology, a PEEK implant was designed and positioned via a transconjunctival approach. Long-term follow-up showed favorable evolution without loss of visual acuity and evidence of bone regeneration at five years. This case highlights the advantages of PEEK in orbital reconstruction, including its adaptability and biocompatibility, while acknowledging challenges such as cost and infection risk, underscoring its potential in modern maxillofacial surgery.

Reconstruction of the tongue following ablative surgery is a well-documented technique that shows significant improvement in swallowing, speech, and quality of life. Free flaps, such as the anterolateral thigh, forearm, rectus abdominis, and latissimus dorsi flaps, are the most commonly used in tongue reconstruction. Additionally, in recent years, the profunda femoris artery perforator flap (PAP flap), discovered by Argentine surgeon Claudio Angrigiani in 2000, has gained recognition in head and neck reconstruction, particularly for tongue reconstruction. This article aims to present a technical note focused on the application of the PAP flap in tongue reconstruction.

The cleft lip and palate is a congenital malformation of multifactorial etiology, with high prevalence worldwide. Supplementation with folic acid could play an important role in the prevention and rescue of the expression of cleft lip with or without palatal involvement when it is consumed in preconception and early stages of pregnancy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the alteration of the folate pathway and folic acid supplementation on the incidence of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. A systematic review was carried out from 12 articles that correspond to primary studies between the years 2015 and 2021, retrieved from the EBSCO and PUBMED databases, subjected to pre-selection and selection stages through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The alteration in the folate pathway could behave as a risk factor for cleft lip with or without palatal involvement (OR = 2.98; 95 % CI[1.5 - 5.9]; I2 = 43 %; p < 0.00001), while folic acid supplementation would behave as a protective factor (OR = 0.43; 95 % CI[0.3 - 0.6]; I2 = 86 %; p = 0.002). The studies indicate that folic acid could be relevant in the prevention and rescue of non-syndromic cleft lips with or without cleft palate. Due to the small sample size of the studies, the evidence remains limited.

The aim of this study was to define a comprehensive protocol (planning, design, placement, prosthetic rehabilitation) for customized subperiosteal implants in atrophic maxilla. A descriptive case series study was conducted with a purposive sample of six patients who underwent surgery with customized subperiosteal implants. Rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria were established. Clinical, radiographic, and digital data were collected, recorded in Windows Excel, and analyzed with IBM SPSS software, version 27. The variables analyzed included demographic characteristics, preoperative patient preparation, planning, design and fabrication of the subperiosteal implant, surgical procedure, prosthetic rehabilitation, and follow-up. The results showed that 83.3 % of patients were female, with a mean age of 65.5 years. Most exhibited bone atrophy classified as Class V and VI according to Cawood and Howell. All implants were fabricated from Grade V Ti using direct laser sintering, with a monoblock design in 83.3 % of cases. Surface treatment techniques such as sandblasted, large grits and acid etched (SLA) were employed to enhance osseointegration. The mean duration of surgery was 64.1 minutes, with an average follow-up period of 18.33 months. A 100 % implant survival rate was reported, though minor complications such as mucositis and structural exposure were observed. Customized subperiosteal implants represent an effective and less invasive solution for patients with severe bone atrophy. Implementing a comprehensive protocol improves quality of life and redu- ces treatment time, establishing these implants as a viable alternative to more complex bone regeneration techniques. Further research is needed to standardize these procedures and optimize clinical outcomes.

Los movimientos ortodóncicos no controlados y la compensación para evitar la cirugía ortognática pueden causar una reabsorción ósea no deseada, lo que puede causar problemas futuros. La proteína morfogenética ósea Rh-BMP2 (BMP®) ha demostrado ser eficaz para inducir la regeneración ósea, obteniendo resultados observables y favorables en un corto período de 8 a 10 semanas. El objetivo fue describir un caso de regeneración ósea guiada utilizando BMP® para contrarrestar la reabsorción ósea del hueso mandibular lingual de dientes anteroinferiores producto de la ortodoncia. Paciente femenina de 36 años con tratamiento de ortodoncia de larga data. Radiográficamente se observa reabsorción ósea mandibular lingual. Se planificó reconstrucción ósea y tratamiento de ortodoncia para preservar los dientes afectados. Se realizó un abordaje intracrevicular de espesor completo desde el primer premolar inferior izquierdo hasta el segundo premolar inferior derecho. Se utilizó BMP® líquida mezclada con BCP y hueso particulado, se cubrió con membrana de colágeno, finalmente se aplicó oxígeno activado con lactoferrina. Posteriormente se infiltró BMP® en el sitio quirúrgico a los 21 días del procedimiento quirúrgico. Se realizó control clínico a los 7, 14, 21 días y control tomográfico al mes y 6 meses. Se evidenció regeneración ósea para iniciar tratamiento de ortodoncia para restablecer la posición correcta de los dientes anteroinferiores. Podemos concluir que el manejo multidisciplinario y el uso de factores de crecimiento óseo pueden mejorar el pronóstico de casos severos de reabsorción producto de movimientos ortodóncicos no controlados.